Wikipedia inside Linux terminal

How To Search And Display “Wikipedia” Content with    (inside) Linux Terminal 

Mission- To get the wikipedia content inside our Linux Terminal (console).

To Do-     Follow simple steps stated  below-

• Launch the terminal and issue this command 
• Issue this command   dig +short txt keyword.wp.dg.cx

   Done , keyword is the word you want query for- Ex- me want know about “ubuntu” , so  i
   will use

dig +short txt ubuntu.wp.dg.cx

“say i got it baby”

More from Author-

• Installing /Recover Grub2 from live CD/USB stick 

• recover-grub2-after-installing-windows 

• Play music in terminal console 

• setting up c++ compiler on linux     

•  mp3blaster

 

Installing /Recover Grub2 from live CD/USB stick

Installing /Recover Grub2 from live CD/USB stick

I will  try to keep it simple so step wise step instructions to follow are -

• Boot Live Media , to system in live mode.
• Open terminal (console)
• sudo -i  (command for root permission).
• sudo fdisk -l (Check volume no. in partition manager as /dev/sdaX , if you don't know how to get it find  your Linux partition ext3,ext4 etc on list and get the name of partition)
• sudo mount/dev/sdaX /mnt (command to mount your Linux partition in mnt directory   , X is the volume no. that you found from sudo fdisk -l) 
• sudo mount/dev/sdaX  /mnt/boot
• sudo mount --bind/dev  /mnt/dev/ (The bind mount call attaches only (part of) a single file-system, not  possible  sub-mounts.  The  entire  file  hierarchy including submounts is attached a second place using)
• sudo chroot/mnt   (to change mnt directory to root permission)
• grub-install /dev/sdaX (command to install grub . X is Linux partition where grub is to be installed) 
• sudo unmount /mnt/dev
• sudo unmount /mnt  you grub is recovered .reboot your machine. 

"say i got it baby"

Play music in terminal console

There are lot of options around to play music ,but playing music in terminal console in uniq.
lot of utilities are available on Linux to do same work but you will enjoy to work with this utility named-
Mp3Blaster so lets start with this simple tutorial .( detailed manual )

mp3blaster

 Mp3blaster is an mp3 player for computers running a UNIX-like operating system, e.g. Linux, Free/Net/OpenBSD, etc. Its interface is entirely text based, thereby eliminating the need for a graphical environment like X-Windows. This does not limit the way you can control the player whilst playing though; just like any graphical mp3 player, there are cd-style buttons like play, stop, pause, next track, etc.

steps are bellow-

• open terminal (internet connection needed)
• sudo apt-get install mp3blaster
• mp3blaster (to run mp3blaster )
• press F1 (to add files)
• browse for mp3 files 
• select mp3 file, hit enter
• for more shortcuts press + key  
• see man page for more details

                                                     "don't forget to say i got it baby"

More by Author- 

setting up to compile C++ code on linux 

Installing /Recover Grub2 from live CD/USB stick

Recover Grub2 after installing Windows 

mp3blaster

(Advance manual for mp3blaster)

mp3blaster- is an interactive text based mp3 player.

{command to install - sudo apt-get install mp3blaster}

Name

mp3blaster - An interactive text-console based mp3 player.

Synopsis

mp3blaster [options]

mp3blaster [options] [file ...]

Play one or more audio files from the command-line

mp3blaster [options] --list|-l playlist.lst

Load a playlist at startup but don't start playing.

mp3blaster [options] --autolist|-a playlist.lst

Load a playlist at startup and start playing.

Description

Mp3blaster is an interactive audio player for the text-console with unique playlist abilities no other programs offer. Its interface is at least equally powerful as those featured in GUI players, without requiring bulky graphical environments.

The most important feature of mp3blaster however is the playlist, which structure is comparable to that of a filesystem: Songs (files) can be grouped together in `groups' (directories). With one function, you can load all your albums as groups into mp3blaster's playlist, so that you can shuffle your albums instead of your songs. Of course, you can also load all files into the playlist and shuffle them, just like regular players.

The interface is described in the INTERFACE ELEMENTS section.

The configuration file is described in the MP3BLASTERRC section.

The different program modes are described in the PROGRAM MODES section.

The playlist playback modes are described in the PLAYMODES section.

Command-line Parameters

--downsample,-2

Downsample audio to 22Khz (necessary on some ancient soundcards, but it can also be used to use less CPU time)

--8bits,-8

Convert audio to 8bits (necessary on 8bit soundcards, but it can also be used to use less CPU time)

--chroot=rootdir, -o=rootdir

Set <rootdir> as mp3blaster's root dir. This affects ALL file operations in mp3blaster!! (including reading and writing of playlists). Note that only users with uid 0 (i.e. root) can use this option (yet). This feature should be changed so it won't require root privileges. Only install it suid root if you trust all local users!!!!.

--config-file,-c=<file>

Use <file> as config-file instead of ~/.mp3blasterrc

--debug, -d

Log debug-info in $HOME/.mp3blaster (use this when sending bugreports!)

--status-file, -f

Write info on the mp3's being played to the specified file.

--help,-h

Gets you this nice list of command-line parameters.

--mixer-device/-m=<devicename>

Set the mixer device to use (default = /dev/mixer). For NAS audio mixing, use 'NAS'. (NOTE: NAS support doesn't work in version 3.0 or above yet)

--no-mixer, -n

Don't start the built-in mixer.

--playmode/-p=(onegroup,allgroups,allrandom}

Default playing mode is resp. Play first group only, Play all groups, Play all songs in random order.

--dont-quit,-q

Don't quit after playing all command-line supplied mp3's (only makes sense in combination with --autolist or files from command-line)

--repeat/-R

Repeat the playlist indefinitely.

--runframes/-r=<number>

Number or frames to decode in one loop. Range: 1 to 10 (default=5). On slow machines, a lower number might improve reaction time of the interface, but it's quite unlikely this will have any effect from version 3.0 on)

--sound-device/-s=<devicename>

Select the audio device you wish to use for sound playback (default /dev/dsp or /dev/audio for OpenBSD). If you want to play over NAS (Network Audio System), give the audioserver's address here (usually $DISPLAY, e.g. a host name followed by a colon and a server number, like bla.foo.com:0). (NOTE: NAS support doesn't work in version 3.0 or above yet)

--threads/-t=<amount>

Numbers of threads to use for buffering. Range is 0..500 in increments of 50. 0 threads means no buffering (thus no hiccup prevention).

--version,-v

Displays mp3blaster's version number.

Interface Elements

Since version 3.0, mp3blaster's interface has changed drastically to make it easier to use, without losing functionality. Press '?' to get a description of all the commands within mp3blaster. You can scroll up and down this helpfile using the cursor keys and pageup/pagedown. To leave the help, press '?' again.

All keybindings mentioned from here on are the default keybindings. Most of them can be altered in mp3blaster's config file (see section MP3BLASTERRC)

Keybindings window

In the top of the screen is the keybindings window. In it you will find all keybindings that you can use in the mode mp3blaster is in at that time. If you change modes, the keybindings are dynamically updated. To scroll through this window, use '-' and '+'.

Info window

This window is located directly beneath the keybindings window. It displays the global playmode (see section PLAYMODES), and the next song to be played (if appropriate). Next to it is a small window which displays technical information about the current song.

Main window

This window is located directly underneath the info window. Its content is usually determined by the mode mp3blaster is in (see section PROGRAM MODES). If you're editing the playlist, the playlist is shown. In file manager mode, you will see the directory you're currently in. In help mode, the help text is being displayed.

CD-style window

This is the window next to the main window. Here you will find the cd-style controls, as well as checkboxes for shuffle/repeat mode. When a song is being played, you can see the elapsed/total time here as well.

Status window

It's underneath the main window, and displays status information like song title, hints, etc. In the top-left, a CD-player style symbol is shown to indicate what mp3blaster is doing during playback.

Mixer window

The mixer is right next to the status window. Although very compact, it's a full sound mixer. Press 't' to toggle between all available mixer devices. Press '<' and '>' to decrease/increase the volume of the currently selected mixer device.

Program Modes

Playlist Editor

By default, mp3blaster starts with the playlist editor. All keybindings specific to playlist editing are listed in the keybindings window. The playlist consists of one or more groups. Each group can have its own groupname and can contain supported audio files. You can toggle shuffle mode for each group independently. Many users will simply use the single (root) group that mp3blaster starts with. In that case, shuffling all songs is simply a question of toggling the GroupShuffle mode (default keybinding: F7).

If you have multiple groups, and you want to shuffle all songs from all groups, you will have to set the global playback mode (see section PLAYMODES). Without shuffling, the songs will be played in the order you added them from the file manager. Groups can be nested inside other groups. For example, you could make a group for each music genre you are interested in. Within each genre, you can add subgenres, and in the subgenres you can add albums as groups. Starting and stopping a playlist can be done with '5' (default keybinding for the Play button). If you stop playback using the Stop button, all information about which song has already been played is lost. If you want to stop playback to continue later, pause the current song.
In the main window, the contents of the currently selected group is shown. By default, this is the 'root' group. Other groups are denoted by square brackets and a purple colour. You can enter other groups simply by highlighting them and pressing enter. If you enter the file manager, files will be added in the group that was selected in the main window. This even works for playlists; if you load a playlist from the file manager (which you always do), it will be added in the current group! Using this feature, you can merge multiple playlists into one.
If you're listening to your current playlist, but you want to hear another song in between, you can simply do so by highlighting this song (either in playlist mode or file manager mode) and pressing enter. When the song is finished, the playlist continues with the next song in the list.

File Manager

You can enter the file manager by pressing F1 from the playlist editor. The interface is almost identical to that of the playlist editor, but you can tell the mode you're in by looking at the keybindings in the keybindings window which is automatically updated. In the file manager, you can add files to the group you had currently selected in the playlist editor. You can also listen to a file by selecting it with the highlighted bar and pressing enter over it. Adding files can be done in 2 ways: Selecting a file by moving the bar over it and pressing the spacebar, or by recursively selecting all files in the current directory and all directories in it. If you select some files, change to another directory (by pressing enter over one) and then select some more files, the old selection will not be lost, even though you can't see it on your screen at the time. As soon as you return to the playlist editor by using F1, you will see they have been added to the group in the order in which you selected them. However, you can't deselect selected files as soon as you change into another directory: you'll have to remove them from the playlist editor. A quick way of selecting *all* files in the current directory is to invert the selection (using F2) when none are selected. If you want to select all files but one, select the one you don't want and then invert the selection.
The recursive selection can be done in two ways: By pressing F3, you add all audiofiles that are found in the current directory and all directories in it. By using F5 (add dirs as groups), mp3's are added in groups that are named like the directory the mp3's were in. This is an ultimately fast way of making a playlist grouped by albums!
Help for other keybindings can be found inside mp3blaster by pressing '?' (note that this leaves file manager mode!)

Help mode

You can get in this mode by pressing '?'. Leave it by pressing '?' again. It will always return you to playlist mode.

Playing Mode

Mp3blaster versions prior to version 3.0 featured another distinctly different mode: the playing mode. The reason for this was that it wasn't possible to edit a playlist and play mp3's at the same time. Since this is now possible, playing songs is possible in all program modes. Keybindings specific to playback are always listed in the keybindings window.

Playmodes

The order in which files are played in the playlist is determined by two settings: The global playback mode (displayed in the info window), and each group's independent shuffle setting. The 'current group' in the global playback modes means: The group that is shown in the main window at the time the playlist was started. This is important, since it enables you to play a subsection of your playlist instead of playing the entire list.
These are the global playback modes:

Play current group, including subgroups

Plays all songs shown in the current group, as well as all songs in all subgroups. First, all groups will be played in the order you have added them (unless the current group's shuffle is enabled, then the order is randomly determined). Then, the songs in the group itself will be played. You can determine for each individual group whether you want to shuffle the songs in them or not, by enabling the group's shuffle setting.

Play current group, but not its subgroups

This is essentially the same as the previous mode, except that subgroups in this group will be skipped.

Shuffle all songs from all groups

This is comparable to the 'shuffle' mode that all players support: It ignores the group structure totally, and simply shuffles all songs in a completely random order.

Mp3blasterrc

You can store many settings and keybindings in a config file. By default, mp3blaster will look for ~/.mp3blasterrc, unless you specify another file on the command-line (using -c/--config-file).

The structure of the config file is pretty straightforward. Look at sample.mp3blasterrc in your share or share/doc directory for a quick example. Lines starting with a '#' are ignored. You can use them to put comments on. All other lines consist of a keyword/value pair like this:

Keyword = Value

Some keywords can have multiple values, in that case it's:

Keyword = Value1, Value2

Escape comma's in a value with a backslash (,). If you want a literal backslash, escape it with another backslash (\). Keywords are case-sensitive.

There are a few types of values: numbers, booleans, keybindings, colours, and everything else is a string. The syntax of these types are:

numbers

Numerical values, in decimal notation.

booleans

yes/no, 1/0, or true/false (case-insensitive)

keybindings

Single-character keybindings represent themselves. If you want to specify a scancode, the syntax is 's<hex-digit><hex-digit>'. All others are special canonical names: 'spc' (space), 'ent' (enter), 'kp0'..'kp9' (keypad 0..9), 'ins' (insert), 'hom' (home), 'del' (delete), 'end' (end), 'pup' (pageup), 'pdn' (pagedown), 'f1'..'f12', 'up'/'dwn'/'lft'/'rig' (cursor keys), 'bsp' (backspace).

colours

One of: black, red, green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, white

These keywords are currently supported:

AudioDriver (string)

Which audiodriver to use for playback. Currently, you can choose between the following drivers: oss, esd, nas and sdl. If SDL is available, it will be used by default. OSS is the next alternative. ESD should only be used if everything else fails. Note that, if you use SDL as audio driver, you can select from many output devices by setting the environment variable SDL_AUDIODRIVER. This is an SDL feature, please refer to the FAQ on libsdl.org for more information.

AudiofileMatching (list of strings)

List of file patterns (in regexp format) that determines which files will be considered audiofiles (default: all files ending on .mp3, .wav, and files starting with 'http://' for http streaming). Check sample.mp3blasterrc for a good example.

CharsetTable (string)

Specify a character recoding table which maps ID3 songinfo to your local charset. For more info about how to create one, see the README in the installed mp3blaster documentation (usually /usr/local/share/mp3blaster) for more information. An example which recodes the Russian win1251 charset to the koi8-r charset is included.

DownFrequency (boolean)

If true, downsample audio output to 22Khz instead of 44Khz (necessary on some ancient soundcards, like genuine Soundblaster Pro's)

File.ID3Names (boolean)

If enabled, the display mode in the file manager will show mp3's by their ID3-tag by default, instead of their filename. (default: disabled) (TODO: Make this directive a string with printf-like format for the id3tag fields).

File.SortMode (string)

Determines the default file sorting mode for the file manager. Valid modes are: alpha (default), alpha-case, modify-new, modify-old, size-small, size-big, none.

HideOtherFiles (boolean)

If enabled, non-audio/playlist files will not be shown in the file manager.

MixerDevice (string)

Mixer device to use for mixing (default: /dev/mixer).

PlaylistDir (string)

Directory path where playlists are stored (default: ~/.mp3blaster_playlists)

PlaylistMatching (list of strings)

List of file patterns (in regexp format) that determine which files are considered playlists (default: all files ending on .lst/.m3u). Syntax identical to that of AudiofileMatching.

ScanMP3 (boolean)

If set, it will read each mp3 file before playing, to calculate VBR total time. This might be impractical if mp3's are streamed over a slow network connection, because the entire file will be read. Scanning is unnecessary if the mp3 has a so-called XING header (which most VBR mp3's have, nowadays). Default: disabled.

SelectItems.UnselectFirst (boolean)

When selecting files from the filemanager or playlist using 'Select some items', unselect previously selected items prior to selecting matching new ones if this option is set. (default: disabled)

SelectItems.SearchRegex (boolean)

If set, use extended regular expression to match files instead of using the global (fnmatch-style) matching. This is for the 'Select some items' feature. (default: disabled)

SelectItems.SearchCaseInsensitive (boolean)

If set, search case-insensitive when using 'Select some items' feature. (default: enabled)

SkipLength (number)

How many seconds to skip when forwarding or rewinding a song. Default is 10. Change to your liking.

PanSize (number)

Number of characters to pan content to the left or right in scrollable window. Default = 5. Range is 1..40.

WrapAround (boolean)

If disabled, the scrollable window will not wrap around when you use attempt to go past the upper or lower boundary using the arrow keys. (default: enabled)

SoundDevice (string)

Sound device to use for audio output (default /dev/dsp (/dev/audio on OpenBSD)).

Threads (number, range 50..500)

Amount of threads to use for buffering. More threads means more buffering (thus better hiccup prevention)

WarnDelay (number, obsolete)

Time before a warning popup will disappear. Currently not in use.

Now a list of keywords that set colours. Not all keywords are well tested to do the right thing at the time of writing..

Color.Default.fg (colour)

Default foreground colour

Color.Default.bg (colour)

Default background colour

Color.Popup.fg (colour)

Popup window foreground colour

Color.Popup.bg (colour)

Popup window background colour

Color.PopupInput.fg (colour)

Popup window input box foreground color

Color.PopupInput.bg (colour)

Popup window input box background color

Color.Error.fg (colour)

Error message foreground colour

Color.Error.bg (colour)

Error message background colour

Color.Button.fg (colour)

Foreground colour of CD-player buttons

Color.Button.bg (colour)

Background colour of CD-player buttons

Color.ShortCut.fg (colour)

Foreground colour of keybindings

Color.ShortCut.bg (colour)

Background colour of keybindings

Color.Label.fg (colour)

Foreground colour of .. something :)

Color.Label.bg (colour)

Background colour of .. something :)

Color.Number.fg (colour)

Foreground color for numbers and similar status indicators.

Color.Number.bg (colour)

Background color for numbers and similar status indicators.

Color.FileMp3.fg (colour)

Foreground colour of mp3 files in file manager

Color.FileDir.fg (colour)

Foreground colour of directories in file manager

Color.FileLst.fg (colour)

Foreground colour of playlist files in file manager

Color.FileWin.fg (colour)

Foreground colour of other files in file manager

This is the list of all keybindings. It should be obvious from their names which function they're attached to.

Key.SelectFiles (keybinding)

Key.AddGroup (keybinding)

Key.LoadPlaylist (keybinding)

Key.WritePlaylist (keybinding)

Key.SetGroupTitle (keybinding)

Key.ToggleRepeat (keybinding)

Key.ToggleShuffle (keybinding)

Key.TogglePlaymode (keybinding)

Key.ToggleDisplay (keybinding)

Key.ToggleSort (keybinding)

Key.StartPlaylist (keybinding)

Key.ChangeThread (keybinding)

Key.ToggleMixer (keybinding)

Key.MixerVolDown (keybinding)

Key.MixerVolUp (keybinding)

Key.MoveAfter (keybinding)

Key.MoveBefore (keybinding)

Key.QuitProgram (keybinding)

Key.Help (keybinding)

Key.Del (keybinding)

Key.Select (keybinding)

Key.Enter (keybinding)

Key.Refresh (keybinding)

Key.PrevPage (keybinding)

Key.NextPage (keybinding)

Key.Up (keybinding)

Key.Down (keybinding)

Key.Left (keybinding)

Key.Right (keybinding)

Key.Home (keybinding)

Key.End (keybinding)

Key.StartSearch (keybinding)

Key.File.Enter (keybinding)

Key.File.Select (keybinding)

Key.File.AddFiles (keybinding)

Key.File.InvSelection (keybinding)

Key.File.RecursiveSelect (keybinding)

Key.File.SetPath (keybinding)

Key.File.Delete (keybinding)

Key.File.DirsAsGroups (keybinding)

Key.File.Mp3ToWav (keybinding)

Key.File.AddURL (keybinding)

Key.File.UpDir (keybinding)

Key.Play.Previous (keybinding)

Key.Play.Play (keybinding)

Key.Play.Next (keybinding)

Key.Play.Rewind (keybinding)

Key.Play.Stop (keybinding)

Key.Play.Forward (keybinding)

Key.Play.NextGroup (keybinding)

Key.Play.PrevGroup (keybinding)

Key.HelpPrev (keybinding)

Key.HelpNext (keybinding)

Key.File.MarkBad (keybinding)

Key.ClearPlaylist (keybinding)

Key.DeleteMark (keybinding) .

Recover Grub2 after installing Windows 

This is another way to recover Grub2 i already wrote a post on recovering grub(Link) so,use the way you like more easier.

So you were enjoying life using Ubuntu and then one day you had to install Windows for that one application your boss makes you use and now no more Ubuntu. When we need a dual boot system it’s always best to install Windows first then Ubuntu due to Windows stripping out the boot loader but what if you have no choice? or a crash that corrupted the boot loader. Boot-repair  to the rescue. 

So what is Boot-Repair?

Its a small graphical tool used to restore access to Ubuntu and other OS’s such as Windows when disaster strikes, it has two basic options.(See Figure)  and follow steps below-

Boot-repair

•  run Ubuntu  media in live mode.
•  connect Ubuntu to Internet source
• open up a terminal and type the following- sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
• sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair
• click "Recommended repair" and apply.  make sure you leave the "Reinstall GRUB" check-box ticked. Now reboot your system. now you can see GRUB back.

" don't forget to say i got it baby"

more by author- 

Installing /Recover Grub2 from live CD/USB stick

Play music in terminal console

mp3blaster

setting up c++ compiler on linux

setting up c++ compiler on linux

After reading this you will learn about 1-gcc compiler 2-how to compile code 3-how to execute c/c++ output file via terminal window(console)
.

This blog is about How to set up c/c++ compiler to work in a easy way with a bash script.

 How you set up to compile C++ programs depends on whether you are using Windows or Linux/Unix. This page describes the approach to use if you have a Linux/Unix machine. On both system , to compile a c/c++ code you need compiler , In GNU systems c/c++ compiler is called gcc . For more details how gcc works see manuals lot of documentations are available on web , or just type  in terminal  man gcc .(if you have gcc installed)
 so you will need to install gcc to go for code compilation. in terminal type install command sudo apt-get install gcc now let it finish . assuming gcc installed correctly ,follow steps below -

• Create a folder (any name will go) in my case C++ is the name of folder.
• In folder  C++ create a file named gcc edit it with normal text editor like gedit or leafpad or Kate.( Note-use normal text editor to do any kind of coding.do not use word-processors.) copy this code to the file  gcc- #/bin/sh
  
  echo compiling C++ using -ansi -pedantic-errors -Wall
  g++ -ansi -pedantic-errors -Wall $1 $2 $3                                                                 
   
• Now save that file and make it executable from file properties -go to permission section if using nautilus or dolphin filemanager , or whatever the way you do that.
• Now in C++ directory {where file gcc(bash script file) is saved} put the c/c++ code file.
• now  to compile c/c++ code execute the gcc file it will ask you  to run in terminal if using gnome desktop environment . ( if using KDE to do hole process in a simple way open C++ directory in dolphin file manager and press F4 key on keyboard ,a mini terminal will open inside dolphin with same directory you are working , here C++ you need to type ./gcc  name of c/c++ code file  and Hit enter key  now compilation done with a output file ,to execute(check) output file type ./name of out file with extension)KDE users you finished.stop here rest is for GNOME guys.
• now put the c/c++ code file to the C++ directory.
•  open terminal and point to the directory  C++ .(you can use nautilus to do that if don't know how to jump form one directory to other, just go to C++ directory and select option open terminal here )

•    and in terminal type ./gcc  name of c/c++ code file & Hit enter key . 

•    compilation done a output file will appear on C++ directory   
•  To execute that file type  ./name of out file with extension.

(note - we can do the same (compilation) with gcc commands. this blog  was written for easement of things for peoples who felling hard to learn commands and do mistakes while writing them in terminal.)